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Lipetsk, Russian Federation
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Kazinka,
2006.
A new industrial city based upon sustainable development (*)
Author: Giovanni Sergi,
aggregated professor of urban planning and university
researcher at the Marche Politechnical University
(www.univpm.it;
http://portal3.univpm.it/facolta/ingegneria/sergi)
Publication date:
November 2007
The project of the Special Economic Zone (ZES) near Lipetsk
Abstract
The Marche Region, within the framework of collaboration with
the Ministry of Production Activities and Ministry of Foreign
Affaire has implemented since 2002 a partnership with the Lipetsk
Region, Russian Federation. The objective was to create the first
Italian-Russian industrial district to catch both the opportunities
of internationalization for small-medium enterprises from Marche
and implement a model of sustainable local development for the
Lipetsk Region.
The Lipetsk (Oblast) Region is located in the middle of European
Russia where some of the main highways meet, 450 km south of Moscow.
The population in 2005 was 1.200.000 inhabitants, 65% living in
the urban area. In Lipetsk, capital city of the region, in 2005
lived 503.800 inhabitants.
In the city of Yelets in 2005 lived 117.000 inhabitants and besides
important historical traditions, this city has a quite developed
industrial system. The town of Gryazy in 2005 had 48.000 inhabitants
and it is an important highway joint.
In 1931 in Lipetsk they started to build a very big siderurgical
Kombinat, which is called Novolipetsk Metallurgical Complex NLMK
and where in 2003 about 40.000 workers were employed. The still
mills Svobodny Sokol Lipetsky are very important and produce high
quality pipes. Moreover they are one of the oldest companies in
the region.
Among the most important companies in Lipetsk, Indesit Company
spa with headquarter in Fabriano, Italy, previously called Merloni
Elettrodomestici. Indesity Company owns a fridge factory and also
two new industrial plants that produce washing machines. In 2002
Merloni Elettrodomestici spa took over the fridge plant Stinol
owned by NLMK and then started a development pathway during which
the company built two more plants in the area (2004-2005), thus
increasing its production volume.
In order to have a general idea of the path followed by Indesit
Company, it is possible to divide it into three main phases of
its expansion. The first phase is characterised by high production
costs per unit and focused on the take over of Stinol.
The second phase is based on improving productivity and efficiency
of Stinol, and during this time a second plant for washing machines
was built.
The third phase is characterised by the opening of the last plant
in October 2005 making this area the biggest production area of
household appliances (the biggest sector in Europe) in the Russian
Federation. It is organised for producing washing machines and
has a capacity of 250,000 units covering an area of 50,000 square
meters. It employs 200 people, besides 5,000 people already working
in this productive area. During the inauguration ceremony the
management announced the willingness to expand the industrial
district in order to achieve an output capacity of 3,000,000 units.
According to the National Law "Special Economic Zones in the
Russian Federation", in December 2005 the Russian Government has
adopted the resolution n.782 through which the Government of the
Russian Federation accepted the proposal presented by the Minister
of Economic Development to create a Special Economic Zone in the
District of Gryazy in the Lipetsk Region. The project concerning
the Special Industrial Area "Kazinka" was presented in March 2006
to the Engineering Company Merloni Progetti spa which belongs
to Indesit Company.
Merloni Progetti has played the role of Project Management and
Main Contractor assigned by the Lipetsk Region. Two important
Firms of Architects in Milan: the Firm Marco D'Azzo as Architectural
Services Coordinator, the Firm Arassociati as Architectural Designer.
The Lipetskgrasdanproject Institute in Lipetsk has took part in
the different planning steps.
The area chosen by the Lipetsk Region is located between the
urban area of Lipetsk in the Northern part and the urban area
of Gryazy in the Southern part. The industrial area has a narrow
shape and its length is 11 km. Its depth varies from some hundred
meters in the Northern part to 3 km in the Southern part. It is
expected to implement the project in two different phases from
2006 until 2012.
The criteria used for planning this big industrial area of 10
square kilometers, where it is expected that 12,000 people will
work by 2012 are the following ones:
- Keeping and improving the meaningful features of the area
like the vegetation and water courses that are particulary important
here.
- Building an industrial city that can represent a model of
sustainable development. This city must be able to meet the
needs of the market in a rational and flexible way by integrating
with the natural environment and with the existing infrastructures.
- In order to meet these needs this big industrial area will
be build in two phases. The first phase (2006-2008) foresees
to cover an area of five kilometers and the plans for the second
phase concern a wider expansion covering an area of six kilometers
from 2008 until 2012.
- Giving the area its own identity despite its considerable
dimensions, thanks to clear boundaries. To achieve this result,
in the North-Eastern part which covers an area of 11 km, it
is planned to build a road along a water course, while in the
South-Western part whose extension is 11 kilometers, the project
foresees a new railway along an artificial hill where trees
will be planted.
- In the new industrial area many services will be at disposal
to meet peoples' needs and interests and to guarantee a high
level of autonomy and a strong future development.
- The classification of roads, services and technological infrastructures
for services will play an important role to ensure functionality
and outline spaces.
- The planning of public buildings will be very important because
it will be possible to distinguish them on the basis of their
shape and colours. In this way the project attempts to harmonise
innovation and tradition.
- The core comprising services that will be built in the first
years of the SEZ in Kanzika will be a sort of "downtown" in
this new industrial city. Of course it is necessary to add the
first companies that have decided to build plants in the industrial
lots as part of the first phase
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| The ZES near Lipetsk and Gryazy |
The ZES central
area, december 2005 |
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ZES first phase,
2006.
The building of the Russian-Finnish productive unity. |
The necessary technological nets to make
to work the ZES will be situated on architectural elements.
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(*) It has been possible
to prepare this report thanks to the information and documentation
given by the Vice Presidency of Marche Region, by the Department
for Economic Development of Marche Region, by the Lipetsk Region
in the Russian Federation, by the management of Indesit Company
in Lipetsk, by Indesit Company in Fabriano Italy, by Merloni Progetti
in Milan (www.merloniprogetti.it),
by Studio Associato D'Azzo in Milan and Studio Arassociati in
Milan.
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